Tuesday, 5 October 2010

Scheme of the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet (accepted by the People's Congress on Feb 11, 1958)

The following is the fondamental texte with all the rules of the pinyin system. Translated from traditional Chinese.


Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet

  Made from 1955 to 1957 by the Committee of Scheme for the Chinese Phonetic Alphabet under the China Writing Reform Committee, accepted and published by the National People's Congress on Feburary 11, 1958 and accepted by the ISO in 1982 as the international standard for the rominazation of Chinese.







I. Alphabet
Alphabet ﹕
A a
B b
C c
D d
E e
F f
G g
Chinese name﹕
ㄅㄝ
ㄘㄝ
ㄉㄝ
ㄝㄈ
ㄍㄝ

H h
I i
J j
K k
L l
M m
N n
ㄏㄚ
ㄐㄧㄝ
ㄎㄝ
ㄝㄌ
ㄝㄇ
ㄋㄝ

O o
P p
Q q
R r
S s
T t
ㄆㄝ
ㄑㄧㄡ
ㄚㄦ
ㄝㄙ
ㄊㄝ

U u
V v
W w
X x
Y y
Z z
万ㄝ
ㄨㄚ
ㄒㄧ
ㄧㄚ
ㄗㄝ
v is only used to transcript foreign language, national minority langues and dialects.
The hand writing is the same way of the latin alphabet.

二 Initials
b
p
m
f
d
t
n
l
ㄅ玻
ㄆ坡
ㄇ摸
ㄈ佛
ㄉ得
ㄊ特
ㄋ訥
ㄌ勒

g
k
h
j
q
x
ㄍ哥
ㄎ科
ㄏ喝
ㄐ基
ㄑ欺
ㄒ希

zh
ch
sh
r
z
c
s
ㄓ知
ㄔ蚩
ㄕ詩
ㄖ日
ㄗ資
ㄘ雌
ㄙ思
zh ch sh can be simplified to   .

三 Finals

i
ㄧ  衣
u
ㄨ  烏
ㄩ  迂
a
ㄚ   啊
ia
ㄧㄚ 呀
ua
ㄨㄚ 蛙

o
ㄛ   喔

uo
ㄨㄛ 窩

e
ㄜ   鵝
ie
ㄧㄝ 耶

e
ㄩㄝ 約
ai
ㄞ   哀

uai
ㄨㄞ 歪

ei
ㄟ   欸

uei
ㄨㄟ 威

ao
ㄠ   熬
iao
ㄧㄠ 腰


ou
ㄡ   歐
iou
ㄧㄡ 憂


an
ㄢ   安
ian
ㄧㄢ 煙
uan
ㄨㄢ 彎
an
ㄩㄢ 冤
en
ㄣ   恩
in
ㄧㄣ 因
uen
ㄨㄣ 溫
n
ㄩㄣ 暈
ang
ㄤ   昂
iang
ㄧㄤ 央
uang
ㄨㄤ 汪

eng
ㄥ   亨的韻母
ing
ㄧㄥ 英
ueng
ㄨㄥ 翁

ong
(ㄨㄥ)轟的韻母
iong
ㄩㄥ 雍


(1)
“知(zh)﹑蚩 (ch)﹑ 詩(sh)﹑ 日(r)﹑ 資(z)﹑ 雌(c)﹑ 思(s)” used alone should be followed by a "i"﹐ For example, the characters"知﹑蚩﹑詩﹑日﹑資﹑雌﹑思" should be marked as "zhi﹐ chi﹐ shi﹐ ri﹐ zi﹐ ci﹐ si".
(2)
The final ㄦ is writen as "er", and as a final after a final, it's simply writen as "r", for exemple﹕“兒童”ertong﹐“花兒”huar。
(3)
韻母ㄝ單用的時候寫成
(4)
Finals beging with "i" without a initial should be writen with an "y" before it or instead of it, for example: yi(衣)﹐ya(呀)﹐ye(耶)﹐yao(腰)﹐you(憂)﹐yan(煙)﹐yin(因)﹐yang(央)﹐ying(英)﹐yong(雍)。
Finals begining with "u", should be writen with an "w" before it or instead of it, for example: wu(烏)﹐wa(蛙)﹐wo(窩)﹐wai(歪)﹐wei(威)﹐wan(彎)﹐wen(溫)﹐wang(汪)﹐weng(翁)。
Finals begining with "" without an initial should be written with or instead of an "y", for example: yu(迂)﹐yue(約)﹐yuan(冤)﹐yun(暈)﹔上兩點省略。
Finals begining with "" with one of the initials "j﹐q﹐x", should be written as "u", for example: ju(居)﹐qu(區)﹐xu(虛)﹐ But with an ininal as "n" or "l", the two point should be kept, as in n(女)﹐l(呂)。
(5)
iou﹐uei﹐uen are writen as "iu﹐ ui﹐ un" if there is a initial before. For example: niu(牛)﹐ gui(歸)﹐ lun(論).
(6)
 In order to shorten the form of a syllabe, it's possible to write "ng" as ""。

IV. Tones
陰平 (yin1ping2)
陽平 (yang2ping2)
上聲(shang3sheng)
去聲 (qu4sheng1)
ˊ
ˇ
ˋ
Tones are added to the main final of the syllable. If no sign put, it means the zero tone. For exemple:
媽 m
麻 m
馬 m
罵 m
嗎 ma
(陰平)
(陽平)
(上聲)
(去聲)
(輕聲)

V. Seperator
If a syllabe begining with "a﹐o﹐e" seems confusing with the precedant syllabe, they should be seperated by a seperator( ' ). For example: pi'ao(皮襖)。

No comments:

Post a Comment

Please try to include all your message in one comment.